Abstract

A study of the variation in axial loads on columns of braced bays along earthquake is presented. Studied columns belong to regular building of 10-, 14- and 18- stories structured with moment-resisting ductile braced steel frames in a chevron configuration. Subject buildings were analyzed under 10 artificial records which were scaled according to the design spectrum for soft soils. The results were compared with published methodologies to estimate the design axial load in columns. Based on the results, a methodology for estimating the design axial load in columns of moment-resisting braced frames is proposed. 

Abstract

One of the key factors in the maturation of modern Journalism, during the 20th century, has been the evolution of Journalism Genres, especially in the Press. Their domain allowed the appropriately diffusion of data, opinions and analysis into informative, opinion and interpretative texts that respected different styles, but also complementary, if one takesVinto account the overall content of a publication. Within Latin American Journalism, this intention has resulted in tripartite classifications.

Currently, the Press interrelates with the new communication platforms (contained in the changing spectrum of Digital Journalism) that constantly used multimedia Internet resources, the immediacy of virtual social networks and the Microblogging. Within this scenario, Journalism Genders take a new importance in Print Media (newspapers, supplements, journalistic magazines, among others), setting up a methodology that safeguards professional ethics, helping journalists in the composition of substantial texts with appealing narrative, product of rigorous research, as well as specialized and multidisciplinary approach in line with the demands of the 21st century.

Abstract

In this work, a simple and effective Rigid Beam Model is proposed for studying the dynamic behaviour of ancient freestanding stone columns. As well known, monolithic and multi-drum freestanding columns are historical structural elements typical of ancient temples that still can be found in the Mediterranean area. These columns are particularly prone to collapse in case of seismic actions. The dynamic behaviour of freestanding columns has been studied by many authors in the past [1-3], and it is characterized by a strong nonlinearity due to sliding and rocking between the drums. The Rigid Beam Model here described assumes each drum of the column as a rigid beam element and each interface between the drums as a node of the model able to move horizontally. Similar to Housner [1] approach, this model assumes small displacements and no sliding between blocks. Furthermore, the material nonlinearity is considered by means of a moment-rotation constitutive law slightly modified with respect to the bilinear one introduced by Housner. Numerical simulations were performed on monolithic and multi-drum columns modelled using the proposed Rigid Beam Model approach. Results are compared against simulations of the same columns undertaken by means of the Discrete Element Model, which is able to consider large displacements and the possible sliding between the drums, and it has already proven its effectiveness in simulating column behaviour [2-4].