Abstract

This thesis reviews approaches towards Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), identifies important simulation parameters, and analyzes their correlation with metrics that describe the performance of the application in terms of safety, efficiency and channel utilization. This is achieved through simulation of realistic traffic and V2V communication by using recent ETSI ITS standards including different GeoNetworking message dissemination mechanisms. The results show, that an increasing traffic on the network channel has a negative effect on the safety of a platooning application, but it can be compensated by using more conservative configuration parameters. This impact is increasing slightly for lower vehicle spacing, stronger for longer platoons and drastically for lower beacon rates.

Abstract

Overheden en marktpartijen investeren momenteel veel in Smart Mobility toepassingen en dit roept vragen op over de effecten van deze innovatieve mobiliteitsoplossingen. SimSmartMobility is een platform voor simulaties van Smart Mobility en richt zich op het steeds beter kunnen beantwoorden van deze vragen. In dit discussiepaper geven we een korte toelichting op SimSmartMobility. Vervolgens bespreken we waarom simulatie van Smart Mobility een belangrijke stap is in het verkrijgen van meer inzicht in de effecten van Smart Mobility en welke type vragen met SimSmartMobility beantwoord kunnen worden. Tot slot poneren we een aantal stellingen voor een discussie zodat we tijdens het NVC met u hierover in gesprek kunnen gaan en de inzichten uit de discussie kunnen gebruiken om de toepassing en doorontwikkeling SimSmartMobility zo goed mogelijk aan te sluiten bij uw wensen.

Abstract

CODECS is a Coordination and Support Action for Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems funded by the European Commission in the Horizon 2020 programme. Communication of vehicles directly amongst each other and with road infrastructure enables a plethora of information and warning services for a safe, sustainable and comfortable future mobility. These services require new cooperations not only between private and public sector in order to provide seamless experience for the end-user. The issues to be tackled jointly are of very different nature ranging from fundamental technical and organisational aspects to legal concerns. Therefore lively exchange between the new collaboration partners is essential. In order to support this and to foster C-ITS deployment in Europe CODECS was set up as a nodal point for the various involved stakeholder groups."br" The CODECS consortium, consisting of road operators, car manufacturers, automotive industry experts as well as user and cities representatives, aims at pooling the main actors’ preferences and requirements for a concerted C-ITS roll-out across Europe. The inventory phase was the starting point when the numerous pilots and deployment initiatives and private key stakeholders were brought together and the current plans, concepts and ideas were gathered. Numerous documents were analysed and several workshops organised. The experiences of this knowledge exchange and the constant survey of the C-ITS landscape in Europe were used in the consolidation phase to come up with guidelines and recommendations. This report summarises the CODECS activities.

Abstract

Cooperative systems which rely on vehicle-to-infrastructure communications are designed to tackle important road"br" transport issues, such as safety and pollution. Since the associated monetary commitment is substantial, a clear"br" understanding of the appropriate business models and likely costs, impacts and benefits is necessary before"br" investment decisions can be made. A tool for estimating the costs and benefits, from both business and the societal"br" point of view, was developed in the COBRA+ project, to assist National Road Authorities (NRA) during their"br" decision processes. This paper illustrates the application of the tool to use cases in Austria, England and the"br" Netherlands. The study identifies some of the key aspects to focus on in order to achieve a beneficial balance"br" between costs and positive impacts. Findings reveal that the costs are likely to be higher than the monetised benefits"br" over the time period investigated (to 2030). The financial role of the NRA (or their Road Operator) is particularly"br" influential for the business case.

Abstract

High-precision and lane selective position estimation is of fundamental importance for prospective advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving functions, as well as for traffic information and management processes in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). User and vehicle positioning is usually based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which, as stand-alone positioning, does not meet the necessary requirements in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the rise of connected driving offers various possibilities to enhance GNSS positioning by applying cooperative positioning (CP) methods. Utilizing only low-cost sensors, especially in urban environments, GNSS CP faces several demanding challenges. Therefore, this contribution presents an empirical study on how Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies can aid GNSS position estimation in urban environments, with the focus being solely on positioning performance instead of multi-sensor data fusion. The performance of CP utilizing common positioning approaches as well as CP integration in state-of-the-art Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is displayed and discussed. Additionally, a measurement campaign, providing a representational foundation for validating multiple CP methods using only consumer level and low-cost GNSS receivers, as well as commercially available IEEE 802.11p V2X communication modules in a typical urban environment is presented. Evaluating the algorithm&rsquo s performance, it is shown that CP approaches are less accurate compared to single positioning in the given environment. In order to investigate error influences, a skyview modelling seeking to identify non-line-of-sight (NLoS) effects using a 3D building model was performed. We found the position estimates to be less accurate in areas which are affected by NLoS effects such as multipath reception. Due to covariance propagation, the accuracy of CP approaches is decreased, calling for strategies for multipath detection and mitigation. In summary, this contribution will provide insights on integration, implementation strategies and accuracy performances, as well as drawbacks for local area, low-cost GNSS CP in urban environments. Document type: Article

Abstract

International audience; With recent technological advances made in the field of vehicular communications, a plethora of applications has emerged that aim to improve driver safety and traffic fluidity. The platooning application is expected to be a good first step to tame autonomous driving, especially traffic congestion problems in big cities. In this context, it is important to study a platoon of vehicles in its environment, sharing the road and wireless channel with other road users. For such a scenario, efficient simulation tools come in handy for studying vehicular communications in large scale environments. This paper presents a step toward improving iTETRIS simulation platform to simulate platoon communications in large-scale connected vehicles use case. To this end, a restricted communication zone, centered around the leading vehicle of the platoon, and in which vehicles can receive and send packets is introduced to limit the computational cost of communication simulation. The merits of the improved platform in term of time execution efficiency compared to iTETRIS are shown through extensive simulation using real mobility traces.

Abstract

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an emerging technology that is used in ad hoc networks of battery-powered devices, to deliver energy and keep the network functional. Existing state-of-the-art studies have mainly focused on applying this technology, but the potential risk of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure is really overlooked by them. This still holds for the general case of the RF Wireless Communication networks. Hence, we consider The Minimum Radiation Path Problem of finding the lowest radiation trajectory of an agent moving from a source to a destination point in a network plane. Different from previous works, we attempt to study (for the first time in the state-of-the-art) path radiation under a more realistic WPT model than the usual one-dimensional models, that have been used in the past and cannot capture interesting superadditive and cancellation effects between distinct electromagnetic sources. In the light of the above, we design and evaluate both an algorithm and a heuristic that achieve different trade-offs between radiation and trajectory length of a moving agent. Document type: Conference object