Abstract

On-road electric vehicle recharging infrastructure is essential in the transformation of electric vehicles into a practical transportation option. This study focuses upon assessing the need for recharging infrastructure for long distance travel for a large market share of electric vehicles, finding the optimal infrastructure deployment, and understanding the economic, social and environmental costs and benefits associated with the optimal infrastructure deployment. The analysis considers quick-charging and battery-switching as plausible recharging technologies. Results show: (i) the promotion of electric vehicles is beneficial when considering economic costs and benefits for operators and users, tax redistribution, and environmental externalities, even with a relatively modest market share; (ii) the number of required recharging stations for satisfaction of the travel demand is at the magnitude of 1–2% of the current gasoline infrastructure, under the assumption of wide availability of off-road recharging at home and the workplace; (iii) the optimal deployment of the recharging stations is along the main national highways outside of urban conurbations, under the assumption of wide availability of home recharging; (iv) the battery-switching technology is far more attractive to the consumer than the quick-charging technology for long-distance travel requiring more than one recharging visit. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Under the necessities of reducing emissions and air pollution, and also for increasing fuel economy, automotive companies have been developing electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Since these vehicles are parked when the batteries are being charged, it is possible to use the traction power converter as on-board charger, also allowing to reduce weight, volume and costs of components in the vehicle. In this context, this paper presents a model predictive control algorithm for an on-board fast battery charging that uses the traction power converter of an electric vehicle. Simulation results and system implementation are depicted, and finally, are presented some experimental results obtained with the proposed control system. (undefined) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This paper presents an on-board bidirectional battery charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs), which operates in three different modes: Grid-to- Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H). Through these three operation modes, using bidirectional communications based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), it will be possible to exchange data between the EV driver and the future smart grids. This collaboration with the smart grids will strengthen the collective awareness systems, contributing to solve and organize issues related with energy resources and power grids. This paper presents the preliminary studies that results from a PhD work related with bidirectional battery chargers for EVs. Thus, in this paper is described the topology of the on-board bidirectional battery charger and the control algorithms for the three operation modes. To validate the topology it was developed a laboratory prototype, and were obtained experimental results for the three operation modes. FEDER Funds, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors – COMPETE, and by National Funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal, under the project FCOMP-01-0124- FEDER-022674, and QREN project AAC n.º36/SI/2009 – 13844 Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The recent and massive investments in Electric Vehicles (EVs) reveal a change of paradigm in the transports sector and the proliferation of EVs will contribute to an effective reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, for the electrical power grids EVs will be extra loads, which will require the demand energy to charge their batteries. With the advent of the Smart Grids, besides the usual battery charging mode (Grid-to-Vehicle – G2V), where the batteries receives energy from the power grid, arises a new concept for the users of EVs and for the power grid market, denominated as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). In the V2G operation mode, EVs return to the power grid part of the energy stored in their batteries. The V2G concept requires the use of battery chargers for the EVs with bidirectional power flow capability and bidirectional communication with the Smart Grids through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications. It is important to highlight that the proliferation of EVs and the impact of their battery chargers on the power grid quality is a matter of concern, since conventional chargers present current harmonics and power factor problems. In this paper it is presented the preliminary studies resulting from a PhD work about a bidirectional battery charger for EVs, which was designed to operate in collaboration with the power grid as G2V and V2G through an ICT application. In this way, it is expectable to contribute to the technological innovation of the electric mobility in Smart Grids. To assess the behavior of the proposed battery charger under different scenarios of operation, a prototype has been developed, and some simulation and experimental results of the battery charger are presented. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT); FEDER Funds, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors – COMPETE, and by National Funds through FCT – Foun- dation for Science and Technology of Portugal, under the projects: FCOMP-01-0124- FEDER-022674 an d PTDC/EEA-EEL/104569/2008 Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Part 17: Power Conversion; International audience; This work is focused on the design of the contactless energy transmitters and testing of their electrical parameters, varying the working frequency in the kHz range. The intended application is related to the possibility to make most efficient wireless charging of different batteries from the grid, guaranteeing more acceptable use of the electric vehicles. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book