Abstract

Abstract

Los bio-FRP (polímeros reforzados con fibras) que utilizan fibras naturales como refuerzo y resinas procedentes de fuentes renovables se utilizan cada vez más en sectores como aviación, construcción o deporte, ya que son una tecnología clave para reducir el impacto ambiental gracias a su favorable combinación de propiedades mecánicas y bajo peso (lo que reduce el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de CO2 a la atmósfera). Sin embargo, el uso generalizado de los FRP y los bio-FRP ha provocado dificultades en la gestión de los residuos, ya que las matrices poliméricas suelen ser resinas termoestables que tienen una estructura molecular reticulada que supone un reto para las tecnologías de reciclaje convencionales. A pesar de todas las ventajas de estos biocomposites, no se han encontrado soluciones eficaces para la gestión del fin de vida (EoL) cuando se convierten en residuos. Esto es más pronunciado en el caso de los biocomposites, un nuevo material que, a diferencia de los composites convencionales, no contiene fibras de carbono con un alto valor de mercado. En la búsqueda de nuevas soluciones para el reciclaje de biocomposites, el proyecto ELIOT revisa las actuales tecnologías de reciclaje de composites para analizar las alternativas más viables en cuanto a rendimiento medioambiental, económico, de recursos y técnico. Posteriormente, las tecnologías más prometedoras se adaptarán a las características de los biocomposites y se probarán a escala de laboratorio. Finalmente, este proyecto desmostrará la viabilidad técnica a escala preindustrial de 2 métodos EoL para 2 biocomposites objetivo, respectivamente, incluyendo su validación en términos de sostenibilidad del ciclo de vida.

Abstract

Developing a sustainable industry based on respectable materials with the environment, through optimal processes with low impact is a fundamental aim, but it remains a considerable challenge to achieve. Despite the large amount of research on composite materials in natural fibers, the limitations in the results have been obtained, being usual to find mechanical results with a wide coefficient of variation and values ​​much lower than expected. The industry of products with bamboo fiber has increased in decorative applications because it is one of the lowest cost raw materials. However, there are limited structural applications, due to the low mechanical properties. A study of the methodology and the extraction area has been carried out in order to maximize the Young's modulus, doubling the value with respect to the E-type and epoxy glass material. Once, continuous networks such as linen, sisal, silk and cotton have been reduced, to develop a unidirectional tape semi-impregnated by a winding process, which allows the fabrication of structures with curvature, with comparable shear values ​​in the plane with the reference material. Finally, in addition to the extensive campaign of mechanical tests, three demonstrators have been manufactured with their respective respect to show the capacity of use and the limitations of the materials. Environmental terms, industrial sectors such as wind or automotive.

Abstract

In the present study will show the concept of FOREST project which will contribute to the decarbonisation of the transport sector by developing and implementing innovative bio-based polymers & additives and recycled carbon fibres.

FOREST will develop novel lightweight multifunctional biocomposites as a competitive alternative to conventional composites. New chemistries will be developed based on bio-based materials (reactive and nonreactive polymeric systems and fire-retardant additives) in combination with fully recycled carbon fibre and EMI particles.

These biocomposite candidates will be obtained using one-shot manufacturing techniques, involving out-of-autoclave (OOA) processes to build and test prototypes (TRL5) with improved multifunctional properties (mechanical resistance, fire-retardant, EMI-shielding) for transport applications.