Abstract

In the second half of 2013, the World Bank secured grant funding from the Korea Green Growth Partnership for analytical support and technical assistance related to sustainable urban transport systems in select cities in Eastern Poland. Polish cities have followed international practice in introducing public transport smartcard ticketing that offers convenience to the passenger and savings to the operator through reduced fraud, shorter dwell times at stops, and less cash handling. Smartcards also offer more flexibility in setting and varying fares.However, one of the main benefits of smartcard ticketing internationally is in relation to integrating fares and ticketing across operators and modes.There is no overall direction as to what these automated fare collection (AFC) systems will provide, and there is limited levels of interoperability across the public transport networks and the rail network, which makes travelling across the country difficult. Going forward, Poland needs to consider the benefits that an integrated approach to public transport ticketing could deliver and agree a vision for delivering these benefits. This potential benefit has not been realized in Poland and little effort has been made to establish a common platform for ticketing, even within metropolitan areas.This Report focuses on options for introducing public transport automatic fare collection interoperability in Poland, building on the experience of other countries and taking into account recent changes in technology.Based on its review of the current situation in Poland and European experience with the introduction of AFC standards, the World Bank makes the following five recommendations: i) Establish a technical working group to develop a vision for AFC in Poland. ii) Support bank card, smartphone apps, and new technology developments and determine what is achievable over the medium-term in terms of interoperability. iii) Develop bank card specifications. iv) Do not develop a Polish AFC standard. v)Undertake a public transport fare review. Establishing a national smartcard standard and adopting it nationwide can be an expensive, complex, and lengthy process—as evidenced by the experience in the UK—and is not a ‘quick win’. Poland should consider innovative solutions enabled by new technologies and not aim to replicate approaches used in the UK or the Netherlands which were developed at a time when the technological options were different.

Abstract

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2019-08-29T11:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TARCISO BRAZ DE OLIVEIRA FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2019.pdf: 1872963 bytes, checksum: 87ed3cf8f4914f2822f9c5f2715ad487 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-29T11:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TARCISO BRAZ DE OLIVEIRA FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2019.pdf: 1872963 bytes, checksum: 87ed3cf8f4914f2822f9c5f2715ad487 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-27 Como resultado do recente e rápido crescimento da população urbana, a mobilidade tem emergido como um dos problemas urbanos mais complexos e de rápida evolução no século XXI. Com o advento da Internet das Coisas, gigabytes de dados são gerados diariamente por Sistemas de Transporte Público ao redor do mundo, incluindo registros de GPS e velocidade dos ônibus, além de registros de embarque de passageiros. A despeito desses dados possuírem o potencial de auxiliar na melhoria da mobilidade, a enorme quantidade, dinamicidade e diversidade de dados produzidos por diferentes sistemas com diferentes objetivos e restrições, impõe dificuldades para a integração e análise do mesmo com o fim de ajudar os usuários, operadores e administradores do sistema. Esse estudo aborda esse problema, mais especificamente o de utilizar dados de programação dos ônibus, dados brutos de GPS e dados de cartão de embarque para reconstruir viagens de ônibus a nível de passageiro. São utilizados dados do sistema de ônibus de Curitiba no Brasil para conceber um processo de análise que combine e estenda heurísticas consolidadas encontradas na literatura. Experimentos demonstram a utilidade da solução proposta em dois cenários de aplicações: a) a estimação de uma Matriz de Origem-Destino para usuários de Transporte Público, que foi validada através de uma comparação com uma Pesquisa Origem-Destino realizada recentemente na cidade; e b) uma análise da (in)eficiência da escolha de itinerário do passageiro, realizada contrastando o itinerário escolhido estimado (extraído da reconstrução da viagem) com o conjunto de itinerários disponíveis e viáveis no momento do embarque. As a result of the recent and fast rise in urban population, mobility has emerged as one of the most problematic and fast-evolving urban problems of the 21st century. With the advent of the Internet of Things, gigabytes of data are generated every day by Public Transportation Systems around the world, including bus GPS/speed records, and passenger boarding registries. Although this data has the potential to help improve mobility, the vast amount, dynamicity and diversity of data produced by different systems with different goals and constraints poses difficulties to integrate and analyze it and help the system’s users, operators and administrators. This study addresses this problem, more specifically the one of using bus schedule data, raw GPS and smart card records to reconstruct trips at passenger-level. We use data from the Curitiba bus system in Brazil to devise an analysis pipeline that combines and extends consolidated heuristics found in literature. Experiments demonstrate the utility of the proposed solution in two applications scenarios: a) the estimation of an Origin-Destination Matrix for Public Transport users, which was validated by a comparison to a recent Origin-Destination Survey performed in the city; and b) an analysis of the (in)efficiency of passenger itinerary choice, conducted by contrasting the estimated itinerary choice (extracted from trip reconstruction) to the set of available and feasible itineraries at the time of boarding.