Abstract

A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is associated with accelerated aortic valve disease (AVD) and abnormalities in aortic elasticity. We investigated the intima-media thickness of the descending aorta (AoIMT) in patients with AVD with or without an ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA), in relation to BAV versus tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) phenotype, type of valve disease, cardiovascular risk factors, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a known association with carotid IMT. 368 patients (210 with BAV, 158 with TAV, ), mean age 64 ± 13 years) were examined using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before valvular and/or aortic surgery. No patient had a coronary disease (CAD). The AoIMT was measured on short-axis TEE images of the descending aorta using a semi-automated edge-detection technique. AoIMT was univariately (P < 0.05) related to age, blood pressure, smoking, creatinine, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, HDL, valve hemodynamics and BAV. In the TAV subgroup it was also associated with the rs200991 SNP. Using multivariate regression analysis, age was the main determinant for AoIMT (P < 0.001), followed by male gender (P = 0.02), BAV was no longer a significant predictor of AoIMT. AoIMT was still related to the rs200991 SNP in TAV (P = 0.034), and to creatinine in BAV (P = 0.019), when other variables were accounted for. Intima-media thickness of the descending aorta is not affected by aortic valve morphology (BAV/TAV), age is the main determinant of AoIMT. Genetic markers (SNPs) known to influence IMT in the carotid artery seem to correlate to IMT in the descending aorta only in patients with TAV.

Abstract

We investigated the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on morbidity and mortality following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) including patients on haemodialysis, often excluded from randomised trials. We performed a retrospective post hoc analysis of all patients undergoing TAVI at our centre between 2008 and 2012. 118 consecutive patients underwent TAVI, 63 were considered as having (CKD) and 55 not having (No-CKD) significant pre-existing CKD, (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Chronic haemodialysis patients (n = 4) were excluded from acute kidney injury (AKI) analysis. Following TAVI, in CKD and No-CKD patients respectively, AKI occurred in 23.7% and 14.5% (p = 0.455) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) was necessary in 8.5% and 3.6% (relative risk (RR) [95% CI] = 2.33 [0.47–11.5], p = 0.440), 30-day mortality rates were 6.3% and 1.8% (p = 0.370), and 1-year mortality rates were 17.5% and 18.2% (p = 0.919). Patients who developed AKI had a significantly increased risk of 30-day (12.5% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.029) mortality. We found the presence of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] = 4.58 [1.58–13.3], p = 0.005) and elevated baseline serum creatinine (OR [95% CI] = 1.02 [1.00–1.03], p = 0.026) to independently predict AKI to statistical significance by multivariate analysis. TAVI is a safe, acceptable treatment for patients with pre-existing CKD, however caution must be exercised, particularly in patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and elevated pre-operative serum creatinine levels as this confers a greater risk of AKI development, which is associated with increased short-term post-operative mortality.

Abstract

This study sought to investigate the clinical utility of aortic valve calcium score (AVCS) determined by using cardiac multislice computed tomography (MSCT). Data of 1315 consecutive patients who underwent both conventional echocardiography and MSCT were reviewed. Degree of aortic stenosis (AS) was assessed according to mean pressure gradient (mPG) measured by echocardiography. Extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) derived by MSCT also was evaluated in 1173 patients who did not undergo prior coronary treatment. Both AVCS and coronary calcium score (CCS) were defined by Agatston units (AU) according to MSCT findings. A total of 613 of 1315 patients were defined as AVCS positive (mean, 100 AU [range, 31.0–380.0 AU]). AVCS showed significant correlations with mPG (Spearmans ρ = 0.81, p < 0.001), and CCS (ρ = 0.53, p < 0.001). Differential adequate cut-off values of AVCS were proved for predicting severe AS with mPG ≥ 40 mmHg (1596.5 AU, AUC, 0.88, sensitivity, 89.7%, specificity, 77.0%), and for predicting moderate AS with mPG ≥ 20 mmHg (886.5 AU, area under the curve [AUC], 0.91, sensitivity, 92.4%, specificity, 78.3%). Mean AVCS was higher with increased extent of CAD (none, 0 AU [range, 0–30 AU], single vessel, 8.5 AU [range, 0–104 AU], multivessel, 142 AU [range, 10–525 AU], p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of AVCS for predicting multivessel disease was 49 AU (AUC, 0.77, sensitivity, 68.8%, specificity, 78.0%). AVCS might be a surrogate marker not only for AS grading but also for CAD progression. Therefore, routine AVCS assessment could be useful for risk stratification.