Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial correlates of harmful alcohol use among young Mexican students, and to comparatively prove the predictive validity of three theoretical models, each one capable to support the research of the problem and to guide the design of theoretically and empirically grounded preventive and treatment programs: a) the alcohol expectancies theory, b) the social learning theory by R. Akers, and c) the planned behavior theory. Findings indícate that these three models are appropriate predictive models for harmful alcohol use in the studied group. The highest predictive weight belongs to positive expectancies associated to the effects of alcohol, followed by alcohol use among friends, low risk perception, and self-control of alcohol drinking as a protective factor. Findings suggest the convenience of the application of a composed multi-varied algorithm, integrated by factors and variables extracted from the three models.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of the treatment program for people who have problems with their drinking developed at Centros de Integración Juvenil, institute dedicated to treat, prevent and investigate addictions in Mexico. The evaluation was made by a cuanticualitative, transversal, comparative, ex post facto design. The first estimate was carried out with a purposive sample of 170 people (133 men and 37 women) who were participating in the treatment program. To do this, was design the test of Program Evaluation for Drinkers (CEPROBE ) to examine the emotional and health state, social integration, criminal behavior, assertiveness to confront the offer of alcohol, habit changes attributed to alcohol program and to assess service quality standards. For the second analysis, 24 Psychologists and 1 Physician (18 men and 7 women) were interviewed it means at an open questionnaire that explores the experience of the therapist in the course of the program. Overall, 47.3% of the patients decreased de use of alcohol, while 48.5% were able to quit it. With the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results suggest significant differences in the socio-emotional status mentioned and alcohol use of the subjects. Under the perception of patients and therapist, the program fulfilled adequately quality standards.

Abstract

This report provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities in addressing road safety in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. It presents information on the size, characteristics, and causes of the problem; presents evidence on the effectiveness of measures that countries world-wide have adopted to improve road safety; briefly describes current international road safety policy; and discusses a range of strategies and actions that could be undertaken by the World Bank in coordination and partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), multilateral development banks, other international agencies and donors, as well as with private and civil society institutions. A primary audience of this report is internal-particularly managers and staff of the World Bank working in the transport, health, education, and governance sectors, to raise awareness about the multisectoral nature of the road safety challenge and of effective options to address it. It proposes ways that the World Bank might engage more to support ECA countries in tackling this issue, working in partnership with other international agencies and donors. The secondary audience is external policymakers, senior analysts, program managers, and their advisers in the governments of ECA countries, private sector officials, and civil society and international organizations working in this field. The goal is to support discussion on appropriate choices and instruments for advancing the road safety agenda as a top development priority over the short and medium term.