Abstract

This article discusses the results of supporting transition towards fully automated driving with remote operator support via the novel V2X channels. Automated passenger cars are equipped with multiple sensors (radars, cameras, LiDARs, inertia, GNSS, etc.), the operation of which is limited by weather, detection range, processing power and resolution. The study explores the use of a dedicated network for supporting automated driving needs. The MEC server latencies and bandwidths are compared between the Tampere, Finland test network and studies conducted in China to support remote passenger car operation. In China the main aim is to evaluate the network latencies in different communication planes, whereas the European focus is more on associated driving applications, thus making the two studies mutually complementary.5G revolutionizes connected driving, providing new avenues due to having lower and less latency variation and higher bandwidths. However, due to higher operating frequencies, network coverage is a challenge and one base station is limited to a few hundred meters and thus they deployed mainly to cities with a high population density. Therefore, the transport solutions are lacking so-called C-V2X (one form of 5G RAT) to enable data exchanges between vehicles (V2V) and also between vehicles and the digital infrastructure (V2I). The results of this study indicate that new edge-computing services do not cause a significant increase in latencies $(\\lt 100$ ms), but that latency variation (11 - 192 ms) remains a problem in the first new network configurations.

Abstract

In the invited talk 'Car2x with SDN, NFV and supercomputers' we report about how our past work with SDN [1, 2] allows the design of a smart mobility fieldlab in the huge parking lot the Amsterdam Arena. We explain how we can engineer and test software that handle the complex conditions of the Car2X case. The talk starts by describing the engineering challenges that developers of smart car telecommunications and computing infrastructures face. We concentrate on the development of software defined networks (SDN) that support smart cars optimally and securely over a heterogeneous, dynamic and developing ICT infrastructure. The goal here is to enable smart cars to profit maximally from any bit of information available from fixed and moving objects as well as persons. For example, in a low tech situation, the lack of other options makes that one has to fall back to GPRS to download only traffic jam locations. As a contrast, in an advanced telecom environment video streams from multiple cars are transmitted via 5G pico cells to computers a few millisecond nearby. These computers fuse the video information to generate a local traffic model. In an ultimate situation, cars use all the communications infrastructures that are available including the numerous WiFi hotspots, all generations of mobile telecommunications, the developing car-to-car communications technologies and even the smart phone of a passing person. SDN technologies deal with the complexities of such communication environment. © 2015 IEEE.

Abstract

Mobile networks transformation into the main support for Internet access since last decade made Apple and Alphabet the most lucrative companies in a market where they were not present until then. The reinterpretation of platform model as multilateral markets where the value of service providers tends to increase, largely relinquishing control over supply, relegated telecommunications operators to access providers role in a market built on their own networks. The evolution towards the 5G could reverse this tendency to concentration by opening new markets for operators in the industrial sector within the Internet of Things (IoT), but also deepening the personalization of the offer to the user. This article analyzes the main milestones in the evolution of mobile networks, the strategies employed by Apple and Alphabet to position themselves as leaders in the most profitable niches, the basic characteristics of 5G and why this system can be an opportunity for operators to overcome the current duopoly.