Abstract

This paper gathers experiences and results from several demonstration projects in the field of grid integration of electric vehicles. The analyzed research projects are selected among research institutes and universities that are part of the European Energy Research Alliance Joint Program on Smart Grids. The paper provides an overview of recent trends in the field of electric vehicles integration issues and then dives deeper into specific aspects of each project. Twelve research projects are presented in general terms, while detailed information can be retrieved from the references and the websites. Although each project has its focus, a common element that can be devised is that the charging process can be technically controlled based on different interests and algorithms, but its role in the market is still under development. Particular focus is always given to the behavior of the user, which ultimately determines the possible level of flexibility that the electric vehicle can provide to the grid.

Abstract

Keynote.- Ambient Intelligence 2.0: Towards Synergetic Prosperity.- Sensing.- Behavior Analysis Based on Coordinates of Body Tags.- MobiDiC: Context Adaptive Digital Signage with Coupons.- Slice&Dice: Recognizing Food Preparation Activities Using Embedded Accelerometers.- Reasoning and Sensing.- The Ambient Tag Cloud: A New Concept for Topic-Driven Mobile Urban Exploration.- Constructing Topological Maps of Displays with 3-D Positioning Information.- Activity Recognition for Personal Time Management.- Getting Places: Collaborative Predictions from Status.- Ambient Technology.- Place Enrichment by Mining the Web.- Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition in a Multi-user Scenario.- Amelie: A Recombinant Computing Framework for Ambient Awareness.- Bug-Free Sensors: The Automatic Verification of Context-Aware TinyOS Applications.- Semi-automatic Story Creation System in Ubiquitous Sensor Environment.- SAGE: A Logical Agent-Based Environment Monitoring and Control System.- Using Video with Active Markers.- Ambient Assisted Living.- An Event-Driven Approach to Activity Recognition in Ambient Assisted Living.- EMon: Embodied Monitorization.- Interoperation Modeling for Intelligent Domotic Environments.- Intertwining Implicit and Explicit Awareness of Wellbeing to Support Peace of Mind and Connectedness.- NICA: Natural Interaction with a Caring Agent.- Applications and Studies.- Ambient Rabbits Likeability of Embodied Ambient Displays.- Contextual Interaction Design: The Case of Pause Buddy.- Creating a Development Support Bubble for Children.- I Bet You Look Good on the Wall: Making the Invisible Computer Visible.- AmIQuin - An Ambient Mannequin for the Shopping Environment.- Designing an Awareness Display for Senior Home Care Professionals.- Methods and Tools.- A Framework to Develop Persuasive Smart Environments.- Measuring the Response Bias Induced by an Experience and Application Research Center.- The Assisted User-Centred Generation and Evaluation of Pervasive Interfaces.- Reasoning and Adaptation.- Increased Robustness in Context Detection and Reasoning Using Uncertainty Measures: Concept and Application.- Synthetic Training Data Generation for Activity Monitoring and Behavior Analysis.- Adaptive User Profiles in Pervasive Advertising Environments. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The focus of Work Package 4 is on the integrated management of interchanges. Based on case studies, stakeholder interviews, and literature, this work package analysed the organisation and operation of interchanges in terms of planning, operational functionality, management, practicalities, services and efficiency."br/"The research has shown that currently there are few examples of regulations or guidance that cover the design, construction, management and operation of interchanges as a whole. The interchange facility itself and the interchange zone are often considered to be ‘grey areas’ in transport planning; and the roles and responsibilities of those interested in the interchange are often dominated by the regulations of each mode. The design, construction and management of interchanges would benefit from closer interaction between the public and private sectors as there are opportunities for commercially successful utilisation of the space available in the terminals for services provided by the private sector, and thus make the interchanges economically more viable. In addition, partnerships with private sector can introduce business models which can complement the skills of the public sector. Public consultation should be carried out for the integration of the opinions and concerns of relevant stakeholders in the decision-making process in order to make the process more transparent, to gather more input on which to base decisions, and to create support for the decisions that are made. The positive impacts of an interchange on local economy are more likely to occur if there is an integrated development plan linking the transport function with the urban and economic functions. However, as the interchanges are typically located in the town centre, it is difficult to assess whether new developments in retail, housing or offices were direct results of the interchanges or if they would have been developed within town centre development context anyway."br/"Clear information systems are essential for making a public transport journey easy, efficient and stress-free. It is proposed that information between different operators and modes should be integrated to provide relevant information to all in a centralised and harmonised manner. Integrated, smart ticketing makes transferring easier for the traveller and thus promotes the use of public transport. It is a matter that needs to be addressed by the regional authorities and all stakeholders. Sustainable interchange design and energy efficiency are not only relevant for environmental purposes, but can also have positive impact on both social and economic elements. None of the present rating systems to assess energy efficiency are specifically developed for terminals or interchanges, but many of the tools can be applied successfully. For the end user, i.e. the traveller, however, the main point is neither the energy efficiency nor the carbon footprint of the interchange, but the functionality of the interchange for her/his needs, good air quality and comfortable atmosphere, and appropriate services."br

Abstract

This paper presents the tools that have been developed in the IST-Anemone project, a large European testbed deployed for testing and validating IPv6 mobility protocols and products. The testbed is available to third parties, which may include research projects and companies seeking to validate IPv6-ready products. "br/"This tested is particularly suitable for ITS experimentation as it includes several private roads and various network access technologies, IPv6 mobility support and a set of tools for testing IPv6 and performing demonstrations. "br/"Several ITS-related experiments have been performed by Anemone partners.

Abstract

This paper is based on a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) project, Mobility as a Service for Linking Europe"br" (MAASiFiE), conducted for the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR). MaaS is an emerging"br" concept aiming to offer user-oriented, multimodal transport services on a one-stop-shop principle utilizing"br" digitalization and mobile applications. This paper presents the main result of the project: the European MaaS"br" Roadmap 2025 defining short- (1-3 years) and medium-term (4-9 years) actions and transitions needed to reach"br" the vision formed in the project. The Roadmap is divided into four functional perspectives: drivers, markets, MaaS"br" services and enablers. Furthermore, each perspective presents the results using the following classification:"br" Academy and R&D, Business, Infrastructure & built environment, Policy & regulation, Technology & data, and"br" Social & culture. This paper concentrates on Policy & regulation aspects, as well as on the role of National Road"br" Administrations (NRAs) in MaaS development.

Abstract

ITS Applications have in recent years assisted in reducing the number of fatalities in Europe. However, Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) have not benefited as much as vehicle users. The EU-sponsored VRUITS project assesses the safety and mobility impacts of ITS applications for VRUs, assesses the impacts of current and upcoming ITS applications on the safety and mobility of VRUs, identifies how the usability and efficiency of ITS applications can be improved, and recommends which actions have to be taken at a policy level to improve ITS"br/"safety and mobility. This paper describes the results of the first phase of the project, in which the critical scenarios for VRUs are identified starting from accident data analysis, and following a user needs based on focus groups and expert interviews. From this basis, the most promising ITS applications for VRUs are selected according to their potential to address the specific needs of VRUs.

Abstract

This article discusses the results of supporting transition towards fully automated driving with remote operator support via the novel V2X channels. Automated passenger cars are equipped with multiple sensors (radars, cameras, LiDARs, inertia, GNSS, etc.), the operation of which is limited by weather, detection range, processing power and resolution. The study explores the use of a dedicated network for supporting automated driving needs. The MEC server latencies and bandwidths are compared between the Tampere, Finland test network and studies conducted in China to support remote passenger car operation. In China the main aim is to evaluate the network latencies in different communication planes, whereas the European focus is more on associated driving applications, thus making the two studies mutually complementary.5G revolutionizes connected driving, providing new avenues due to having lower and less latency variation and higher bandwidths. However, due to higher operating frequencies, network coverage is a challenge and one base station is limited to a few hundred meters and thus they deployed mainly to cities with a high population density. Therefore, the transport solutions are lacking so-called C-V2X (one form of 5G RAT) to enable data exchanges between vehicles (V2V) and also between vehicles and the digital infrastructure (V2I). The results of this study indicate that new edge-computing services do not cause a significant increase in latencies $(\\lt 100$ ms), but that latency variation (11 - 192 ms) remains a problem in the first new network configurations.

Abstract

The European Union is highly dependent on seaports for trade with the rest of the world and within its Internal"br" Market. Approximately, 75% of goods imported and exported and 37% of exchanges within the Union transited"br" through seaports in 2013. To manage this amount of cargo in ports, smooth operations are required. The"br" performance of ports is currently evaluated by using different types of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). How"br" the indicators are described is dependent on the stakeholders and their organizational interest."br" Ports, and the transport sector as a whole, are undergoing drastic changes. To cite a few, demand increases, ship"br" capacity enlargements, shipping line mergers and alliances lead to more concentrated flows and increase of traffic"br" in certain hub ports detrimental to medium size ones, other aspects such new requirements regarding environment"br" protection and security are also relevant. At the same time, ports are usually located in the middle of existing"br" neighborhoods, which limits possibilities to enlarge their area whilst stress is placed to improve the port-city"br" interrelation. Therefore, there is a need to invest in port infrastructure, but expansion or renovation of a port is"br" extremely difficult. The required investments are big and the planning horizon is long. Hence, if the designed"br" structures turn out to be unsuitable due to changes in needs, it is rather expensive to make changes."br" Planning tools have developed remarkably during the past 10 years. Different types of planning tools are used in"br" seaport and terminal design to model the completeness. Modelling generates digital representations of physical"br" and functional characteristics of a terminal area, buildings and other infrastructures. With the help of model-based"br" approaches and with suitable KPIs, it is easier to understand and evaluate the effects of certain design solutions"br" for terminal operations in a larger context. By using modelling tools, it is also possible to compare different design"br" options to outline how certain choices in terminal design influences on the completeness."br" There is a need to define the objectives of good terminal prior to plan the terminal and its operations. A good"br" terminal would satisfy the stakeholders’ expectations in best possible ways in the given preconditions. The"br" achievement of objectives can be evaluated by using suitable indicators. However, the indicators used to plan and"br" model terminal operations may differ from indicators used to evaluate the performance of current ports and"br" terminals. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the indicators required for terminal planning and compare them"br" with existing KPIs used for measuring the performance of ports and terminals.

Abstract

NordicWay has implemented a cooperative safety-related traffic information system based on hybrid"br" communication using a mainly cellular network. In this paper, we present NordicWay’s Finnish Coop project"br" evaluation results on driver behaviour impacts and user acceptance of the system. The evaluation was based on a"br" field test involving more than a thousand test users from May 2016 to April 2017. The results showed the high"br" acceptance by the users. The system was the first source of information in many occasions and the implications it"br" had on driver behaviour were positive (increased attention, speed reduction, less overtaking, etc.). As a main"br" conclusion, the results indicate that a cooperative safety-related traffic information system in mobile phones has"br" positive impacts on driver behaviour. The results also show that road users would be willing to use this kind of"br" system. Almost all users who had longer experience with the system would have been willing to continue using"br" the application.

Abstract

When a human ages, the functional abilities could weaken, which can lead to isolation from the society. Applying technological aid for improving the quality of life of the elderly helps them to stay independent and active in their community across their life. This article introduces a system, which is empowering the elderly by aiding them in using public transportation in both rural and urban environments, and helps them in this way to maintain the mobility and activity. The ASSISTANT system provides a simple, yet effective, route info for user and shows only relevant information, at the right time and in the appropriate format. The system is communicating with the user via audio and visual guidance. In addition, it has an error detection functionality, which helps user in case of common navigation errors. End user evaluation performed in Helsinki (Finland), Vienna (Austria) and Donostia-San Sebastian area (Spain) confirms that the service works as intended and helps older people to use public transport by guiding them all the way from the start to the end of their journeys. The system was found to be particularly helpful on unfamiliar routes.